Smart Electric Grid Operational Control for Sustainable Electricity

Smart electric grid operation management is a critical part of a sustainable energy system, as power outages can impact the economy. This technology can help utilities manage their power consumption and avoid power outages by providing accurate and timely load control. It also allows utilities to plan demand response procedures and distribute energy loads on available generators. Smart electric grid operation management can also help consumers save money by participating in programs and generating their own electricity.

Increasing home-grown electricity can also increase national security. Electricity generated at home is more resilient to natural disasters and attacks.

Introduction to Power Systems

• Electric power grids
• Traditional power grids
• Background and history
• Traditional power grid components
• Power plants
• Switchgears
• Transmission lines
• Transformers
• Power grid loads
• Distribution network
• Idea of SCADA
• Trends for smart grids
• Power electronic based devices
• Basic concepts in power systems
• Common terms
• Power consumption calculations
• Smart grid concepts
• Per unit system
• Power factor definition
• Reactive and active power
• Reactive power compensation
• Complex and apparent power definition
• Physical meaning of reactive power

Introduction to Smart Grid Systems

• Trends for smart grids
• Power electronic based devices
• Smart grid concepts
• Components of a smart grid
• Distributed generations
• Distribution networks in smart grids
• Transmission networks in smart grids
• Concept of energy in smart grids
• Smart meters
• Price and efficiency in smart grids
• Smart sustainable energy sources
• Communications in smart grids
• Computer based monitoring
• Information and communication technology (ICT) in smart grids
• Load variations in smart grids
• Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
• Market structure of smart grids
• Energy management system in smart grids (EMS)
• Reliability and economic operation in smart grids
• Scheduled operation
• Load variation in smart grids

Operators in Smart Grids

• Energy management systems (EMS)
• Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
• Operation planning in smart grids
• Load forecast a vital part of smart grids
• Independent system operator
• Transmission operators
• Distribution operators
• Market structure of a smart grids
• Sub-transmission systems in micro grids

Main Components of a Smart Grid

• Distributed Generation (DG)
• Distributed Energy Resources (DER)
• Renewable Energy Sources (RES)
• Photovoltaics (PV)
• Solar panels in smart grids
• Solar inverters
• Need to convert the DC energy to AC
• Wind farms in smart grids
• Effect of battery energy storages in smart grids
• Fuel cell power generation station
• Smart inverters
• Micro inverters
• Bidirectional inverters
• Voltage source converters
• Power electronic based loads
• Pricing in micro grids and smart grids
• Smart meters
• Communication interactions in smart grids
• Restoration topology in smart grids
• High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
• Offshore Windfarms

Smart Grid Control

• Load frequency control (LFC)
• Automatic generation control (AGC)
• Network topology determination (NTD)
• State estimation (SE)
• On-line load flow and contingency analysis
• Economic dispatch
• Load management system
• Operation reserve calculations
• Primary and secondary droop control in smart grids
• Active and reactive power sharing
• DC link voltage control
• Droop voltage control
• Pulse width modulation (PWM)
• Primary, secondary and tertiary control in Smart Grids
• Communication delays in smart grid control
• Peak shaving control
• Load shedding
• Load shifting
• Black start capability of a Smart Grid
• Islanded and grid connected control modes
• Artificial synchronous generator effect in smart grids
• Maximum power point tracking control (MPPT)
• Proportional resonance control (PR)
• Control of solar panels in smart grids
• Control of wind farms based on doubly fed induction generators (DFIG)
• Control of HVDC systems
• Control of electric vehicles in smart grids
• Control of battery energy storages

Operation of Smart Grids

• Voltage support
• Frequency compensation
• Demand response events
• Restoration topologies in smart grids
• Economic dispatch in smart grids
• State estimation in smart grids
• Pricing and load factoring in smart grids
• Communication interactions
• Data loss in smart grids
• Communication delays
• Government regulations
• System protection
• IEC 61850
• Market structure of smart grids
• Secured smart grid
• Operation and planning of smart grids
• Independent system operators
• Transmission operators
• Distribution operators

Introduction to Energy Management in Smart Grids

• What is energy management system?
• Why should we have energy management system?
• Energy management system components
• EMS in generation (Generation management systems)
• EMS in distribution networks
• EMS in transmission and sub-transmission
• Necessity of monitoring in EMS
• Control and monitoring in EMS
• Real-time SCADA in EMS applications
• Data acquisition for events
• Data historians
• Data linking
• Control sequences in monitoring and operation of smart grids
• Cost of generation in smart grids
• Open access transmission
• Future developments in the economic operation of smart grids
• Graphic displays
• Computer communications in smart grids

Introduction to Smart Grid Security

• Concept of security in power systems
• Main domains in smart grids
• Markets
• Operations in smart grids
• Service providers in smart grids
• Bulk generations
• Customers in smart grids
• Transmission network in smart grids
• Distribution networks
• Household appliances
• Renewable energy sources in smart grids
• Electric utility operation center
• Performance of smart meters
• Home area network (HAN)
• Wide area network (WAN)
• wired, or wireless networks in smart grids
• Bluetooth communications
• Vulnerabilities in smart grids
• Accessing the network
• Breaking the confidentiality in smart grids
• Integrity of transmitted data
• Customer security
• Number of intelligent devices
• Physical security
• Lifetime of power systems
• Implicit trust between traditional power devices
• Bad decision making in smart grids
• Internet protocol (IP) security issues in smart grids